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About Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, often referred to as HFrEF, is a specific type of heart failure where the left ventricle of your heart (the main pumping chamber) doesn't contract as powerfully as it should. This means that with each beat, it pumps out a smaller percentage of the blood it contains, a measurement known as the 'ejection fraction.' For HFrEF, this fraction is typically 40% or less.
When your heart can't pump enough blood effectively, your body doesn't receive the oxygen and nutrients it needs to function properly. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including shortness of breath (especially with exertion or when lying down), persistent fatigue, swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet (edema), and rapid weight gain due to fluid retention. HFrEF can stem from various underlying conditions such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, previous heart attacks, or certain heart valve problems.
Managing HFrEF typically involves a combination of lifestyle adjustments and regular medication. Lifestyle changes often include a low-sodium diet, regular moderate exercise (as advised by your doctor), and managing stress. Medications are crucial and usually include several classes working together to improve heart function and manage symptoms. Common prescription drugs for HFrEF include:
- ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or ARNIs: (e.g., Lisinopril, Valsartan, Entresto) These help relax blood vessels and reduce the heart's workload.
- Beta-blockers: (e.g., Metoprolol, Carvedilol) These slow the heart rate and reduce blood pressure, allowing the heart to fill more efficiently.
- Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs): (e.g., Spironolactone, Eplerenone) These are diuretics that also help block hormones that can worsen heart failure.
- SGLT2 inhibitors: (
The information above is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making medication decisions.